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2024, Vol: 14, Issue: 3
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Research Article 


Isolation and Characterization of Novel Lytic Phages to Combat Multidrug-Resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp.

Atunga Nyachieo, Stephen Alafi, Ivy Jepkurui Mutai, Benson Ngolobe, Ritah Nabunje, Jesca L. Nakavuma.


Cited By:5

Abstract
Objectives:Escherichia coli and some Salmonella enterica serovars are zoonotic pathogens affecting livestock and humans. These pathogens cause significant loss of productivity in livestock, severe morbidity and mortality in humans, and have high antibiotic resistance profiles. Therefore, the exploitation of lytic phages for therapeutic purposes is important for eliminating these resistant bacterial strains.
Methods: Thirty-four bacterial stock isolates comprised of 23 E. coli and 11 Salmonella spp. strains were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility to seven antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. The antibiotics included Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole, Gentamycin, Imipenem, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, and Ofloxacin. Twelve (12/23) E. coli and (2/11) Salmonella spp. exhibited antimicrobial resistance. Selected six (6/12) drug-resistant E. coli strains were subjected to three different phages (PA5, EHEC005, C11S1A) for efficacy and host range assay. Similarly, two (2/2) resistant Salmonella strains were exposed to one Salmonella phage A23 for efficacy and host range assay. The E. coli (C11S1A) phage, which infected most bacterial hosts, was evaluated for optimal efficiency at various pH and temperatures.
Results:E. coli isolates had the highest resistance 12/23 (52%) compared to Salmonella spp. 2/11(18%) (p<0.05). Most resistance was against Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole (44%) and (9%) for E. coli and Salmonella spp., respectively. Furthermore, E. coli (C11S1A) phages killed all the Escherichia coli strains, while Salmonella phage A23 only lysed the host bacteria. The E. coli (C11S1A) phages were highly efficacious at 37 0C and pH 7.4.
Conclusion: The successful isolation of novel lytic E. coli (C11S1A) phages, which killed all the E. coli strains tested, demonstrates the potential for therapeutic purposes for humans and livestock. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 11(4):183-190.

Key words: Antimicrobial resistance, zoonosis, novel bacteriophage, East Africa


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Atunga Nyachieo, Stephen Alafi, Ivy Jepkurui Mutai, Benson Ngolobe, Ritah Nabunje, Jesca L. Nakavuma. Isolation and Characterization of Novel Lytic Phages to Combat Multidrug-Resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp.. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021; 11(4): 183-190 . doi:10.5799/jmid.1036727

Web Style

Atunga Nyachieo, Stephen Alafi, Ivy Jepkurui Mutai, Benson Ngolobe, Ritah Nabunje, Jesca L. Nakavuma. Isolation and Characterization of Novel Lytic Phages to Combat Multidrug-Resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp.. https://www.jmidonline.org/?mno=302656976 [Access: November 22, 2024]. doi:10.5799/jmid.1036727

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Atunga Nyachieo, Stephen Alafi, Ivy Jepkurui Mutai, Benson Ngolobe, Ritah Nabunje, Jesca L. Nakavuma. Isolation and Characterization of Novel Lytic Phages to Combat Multidrug-Resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp.. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021; 11(4): 183-190 . doi:10.5799/jmid.1036727


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Atunga Nyachieo, Stephen Alafi, Ivy Jepkurui Mutai, Benson Ngolobe, Ritah Nabunje, Jesca L. Nakavuma. Isolation and Characterization of Novel Lytic Phages to Combat Multidrug-Resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp.. J Microbiol Infect Dis. (2021), [cited November 22, 2024]; 11(4): 183-190 . doi:10.5799/jmid.1036727


Harvard Style

Atunga Nyachieo, Stephen Alafi, Ivy Jepkurui Mutai, Benson Ngolobe, Ritah Nabunje, Jesca L. Nakavuma (2021) Isolation and Characterization of Novel Lytic Phages to Combat Multidrug-Resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp.. J Microbiol Infect Dis, 11 (4), 183-190 . doi:10.5799/jmid.1036727


Turabian Style

Atunga Nyachieo, Stephen Alafi, Ivy Jepkurui Mutai, Benson Ngolobe, Ritah Nabunje, Jesca L. Nakavuma. 2021. Isolation and Characterization of Novel Lytic Phages to Combat Multidrug-Resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp.. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 11 (4), 183-190 . doi:10.5799/jmid.1036727


Chicago Style

Atunga Nyachieo, Stephen Alafi, Ivy Jepkurui Mutai, Benson Ngolobe, Ritah Nabunje, Jesca L. Nakavuma. "Isolation and Characterization of Novel Lytic Phages to Combat Multidrug-Resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp.." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 11 (2021), 183-190 . doi:10.5799/jmid.1036727


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Atunga Nyachieo, Stephen Alafi, Ivy Jepkurui Mutai, Benson Ngolobe, Ritah Nabunje, Jesca L. Nakavuma. "Isolation and Characterization of Novel Lytic Phages to Combat Multidrug-Resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp.." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 11.4 (2021), 183-190 . Print. doi:10.5799/jmid.1036727


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Atunga Nyachieo, Stephen Alafi, Ivy Jepkurui Mutai, Benson Ngolobe, Ritah Nabunje, Jesca L. Nakavuma (2021) Isolation and Characterization of Novel Lytic Phages to Combat Multidrug-Resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp.. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 11 (4), 183-190 . doi:10.5799/jmid.1036727


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